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Science 22 October 2004: Vol. 306.
no. 5696, pp. 666 - 669 DOI: 10.1126/science.1102896 |
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Reports
Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
K. S. Novoselov,1 A. K.
Geim,1* S. V.
Morozov,2 D. Jiang,1 Y.
Zhang,1 S. V. Dubonos,2 I.
V. Grigorieva,1 A. A. Firsov2
We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few
atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient
conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films
are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap
between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a
strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and
holes in concentrations up to 1013 per square
centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of 10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced
by applying gate voltage.
1 Department of Physics, University of
Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. 2 Institute for
Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: geim{at}man.ac.uk
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